Viceroy and Important Events

Viceroys and Important Events In Their Rules

1.Lord Canning (1856-1857):-

Charles John Canning

• Establishment of 3 universities at Calcutta,Madras and Bombay in 1857.
• Revolt of 1857.
• Transfer of control from East India Company to the crown, The Govt. Of India Act,1858.
• 'White Mutiny' by European troops in 1859.
• Indian Council Act 1861.

2. Lord Mayo (1869-1872):-

 Lord Mayo

• First Census in 1872.
• Establishment of Statistical Survey of India.
• Only Governor General who was killed in India. He was Killed by Sher Ali in Port Blair.

3. Lord Lytton (1876-1880):-

Robert Bulwer-Lyton

• Vernacular Press Act, 1878.
• Arms Act 1878.
• Ignored serve famine and Organised durbar in 1877. Proclaimed Queen Victoria " The Empress of India".

4. Lord Ripon (1880-1884):-

Lord Ripon

• The First Factory Act, 1881 to improve labour conditions.
• Repeal of the Vernacular Press Act (1882).
• Father of Local Self Govt. (panchayats and Municipal Board).
• Appointment of Education Commission under chairmanship of Sir William Hunter (1882).
• The Illbert Bill controversy (1883-84)- Indian judge cannot try English judge.

5.Lord Dufferin (1884-1888):-

Lord Dufferin

• III Anglo Burmese war (1885- 1886)
• Indian National Congress founded in 1885.

6. Lord Lansdown (1888-1894):-

Lord Lansdowne

• Factory act 1891.
• Indian Council Act 1892.(indirect election was introduced for first time).
• Setting up Durrand Commission (1893) to define the Durand Line between India and Afghanistan.(now between Pakistan and Afghanistan ).

7.Lord Curson(1899- 1905):-

Lord Curzon 

• Indian University Act- to control Indian universities.(1904)
• Partition of Bengal.(1905)
• Raleigh Commission.

8. Lord Minto II (1905-1910):-

Lord Minto II

• Popularisation of Anti-partition and Swadeshi Movements.
• Split in Congress in surat session (1907).
• Esatablishment of Muslim League by Aga Khan (1906).

9. Lord Hardinge (1910 - 1916):-

Lord Hardinge

• Creation of Bengal Presidency (like Bombay and Madras) in 1911.
• Transfer the capital from Calcutta to Delhi (1911).
• Establishment of the Hindu Mahasabha (1915) by Madan Mohan Malaviya.

10. Lord Chelmford (1916-1921):-

Lord Chelmford

• Formation of Home Rule League by Annie Besant and Tilak (1916).
• Lucknow pact between the Congress and Muslim league (1916).
• Foundation of Sabarmati Ashram(1916) after Gandhi's return ; launch of Champaran Satyagraha (1916), Kheda Satyagraha (1918) and Satyagraha at ahmedabad (1918).
• Jallianwalla Bagh Massacre (1919).
• The Rowlatt Act (1919).
• Launch of Non-Cooperation and Khilafat Movements.
• Death of Tilak (august 1, 1920).
• Appointment of S.P. Sinha as governor of Bihar( First Indian to become a governor. )

11. Lord Reading (1921-1926):-

Lord Reading

• Chaura Chauri indcident(Feb 5, 1922) and withdrawal of Non-cooperation movement.
• Kakori Train Robbery(1925).
• Criminal Law Amendment Act and abolition of cotton excise.
• Establishment of Swaraj Party by C.R. Das and Moti lal Nehru(1922).

12. Lord Irwin (1926-1931):-

Lord Irwin

• Visit of Simon Commission to India(1928) and the boycott of the Commission by the Indians.
• Lahore session of the Congress (1929); Purna Swaraj resolution.
• Nehru Report or The Nehru Constitution 1928.
• Murder of Sauders, the assistant Superintendent of Police of Police of Lahore; The Lahore Conspiracy Case (1929).
• Dandi March(march 12, 1930) by Gandhi to launch the Civil Disobedience Movement.
• Boycott of the First Round Table Conference 1930. 
• Gandhi-Irwin Pact (1931) and suspension of Civil Disobedience Movement.

13.Lord Willingdon(1931-1936):-

Lord Willingdom

• Second Round Table Conference (1931)
• Announcement of Communal Award (1932) under which separate communal electorates were set up.
• 'Fast unto death' by Gandhi in Yeravada prison, broken after the poona pact(1932).
• Third Round Table Conference (1932).
• Launch of Individual Civil Disobedience(1933).
• Govt. of India Act of 1935.
• Burma separated from India (1935).
• Establishment of  All India Kisan Sabha (1936) and Congress Socialist Party by Acharya Narendra Dev and Jayaprakash Narayan (1934).

14.Lord Linlithgow (1936-1944):-

 Lord Linlithgow.

• First general elections(1936-37); Congress attained absolute majority.
• Subhash Chandra Bose elected as the President of the Congress (1938).
• Resignation of Bose in 1939 and formation of the Forward Block(1939).
• Lahore Resolution (March 1940) by the Muslim league, demand for separate state for Muslims.
• 'August Offer' (1940) by the viceroy.
• Winston Churchill elected prime minister of England (1940).
• Escape of Subhash Chandra Bose from India(1941) and organistion of the Indian National Army.
• Cripps Mission's Cripps plan to offer dominion status to India and setting up of a Constituent assembly; its rejection by the congress.
• Passing of the 'Quit India Resolution' by the congress (1942)
• 'Divide and Quit' slogan at the Karachi session (1944) of the Muslim League.

15. Lord Wavell (1944-1947):-

Lord Wavell

• C. Rajagopalachari's CR Formula (1944), failure of Gandhi-Jinnah talks (1944).
• Wavell Plan and the Shimla Conference (1942).
• End of Second World war (1945).
• Proposals of the Cabinet Mission (1946).
• Observance of 'Direct Action Day'(august 16, 1948) by the Muslim League.
• Elections to the Constituent Assembly, formation of Interim Govt. by the congress ( September 1946).
• Announcement of end of British rule in India by Clement Attlee (prime minister of England) on February 20, 1947.

16. Lord Mountbatten (1947-1948):-

Lord Mountbatten

• June Third plan ( June 3, 1947) announced.
• Introduction of Indian Independence Bill in the House of Commons.
• Appointment of two Boundary commission under Sir Cyril Radcliff for the partition of Bengal and Punjab.